5.14 understand how large amounts of human insulin can be manufactured from genetically modified bacteria that are grown in a fermenter

Manufacturing of Insulin:

- the same restriction enzyme is used to cut out insulin gene from human DNA and plasmid.

- the insulin gene is joined together with the plasmid by ligase enzyme. 

- recombinant DNA is formed and inserted into a bacterial cell, which acts as the vector.

- transgenic bacteria are complete and grown in a fermenter to reproduce and duplicate.

*transgenic: if something is transgenic it means they contain genes transferred from another species.

Uses of Manufactured Insulin:

- helps those with diabetes as their body does not produce enough insulin

- the insulin can be injected to control blood glucose levels by converting glucose to glycogen, which is insoluble, and can be stored in muscles/liver