3.36B understand how most genetic mutations have no effect on the phenotype, some have a small effect and rarely do they have a significant effect

- Most mutations have no effect on the phenotype.
  For example, if a mutation occurs in an unimportant region of the DNA, or if the mutated codon still codes for the same amino acid, the protein structure and function will be unaffected. A mutation will often be ineffective if it has recessive alleles.

- Some mutations have a small effect on the phenotype.
  This happens when the change in amino acid has only a slight effect on the protein structure.

- Rarely do mutations have a significant effect on the phenotype.
These mutations can be:
1. Harmful mutations: can lead to harmful changes such as genetic disorders that can be passed on to generations, such as cystic fibrosis
2. Beneficial mutations: phenotype of a mutated codon that allows the organism to better adapt to the environment.